Jan 26, 2007 we wanted to use a punjabi version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads to enable nonenglish speaking patients to participate in a clinical trial. Beck 1996 beck depression inventory, harcourt 21item depression inventory, using 5point response scale based on the bdi. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads a reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression. Preconceptional psychologic evaluation allows the identification of risks factors for perinatal disorders. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Spanish translation and validation with a hispanic sample. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, a physician in general hospital practice said that. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. Evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of the. Factor structure, item analyses and internal consistency in a large population. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness.
We administered hads to 685 participants 256 controls and 429 patients with five different diagnoses. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The dimensionality of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a current source of controversy. The scale is a selfadministered instrument with a 4point likerttype scale 0 to 3. This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. Full details of the method of construction of the hads is given. The hamd is designed to rate the severity of depression in patients. Evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of the spanish. Background the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in the assessment of anxiety and depression, but there are. Crosscultural adaptation into punjabi of the english version. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing.
An ivr version of the scale is available from healthcare technology systems. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Cultural adaptation into spanish of the generalized anxiety. The adaptation was performed by an expert panel using a conceptual equivalence process, including forward and. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. The mother is asked to underline the response which comes closest to how she has been feeling. Request pdf a validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in a spanish population the present study aims to validate the spanish. Apr 28, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief and widely used instrument to measure psychological distress in cancer patients and it is available in many languages for example french, german, dutch, italian, spanish, chinese, and arabic. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in the assessment of anxiety and depression, but there are scarce data about its psychometric properties in caregivers of older relatives. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and. To assess the psychometric properties of the spanish version of the hospital anxiety and depression scalehads. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital. Pdf use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in.
I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. French, german, hebrew, swedish, italian, and spanish. Construct validity studies were carried out through itemsubscale correlation and. The hads was translated into punjabi by a multidisciplinary team, verified against the original version, and administered to. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used extensively as a screening.
Assessment of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in spanish. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in a spanish population. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more.
Depressed mood gloomy attitude, pessimism about the future, feeling of sadness, tendency to weep 0 absent 1 sadness, etc. The main outcome measures were a questionnaire assessing patients knowledge of epilepsy, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, and patients reported satisfaction with the advice and. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. Pdf a validation study of the hospital anxiety and. It is available in spanish, as well as in a modified version for adolescents the macarthur foundation initiative on depression and primary care has created a depression tool kit is intended to help primary care clinicians recognize and manage depression. The anxiety level of our clinicalsample subjects was evaluated by means of the hadsa, and the distress level by means of the total hadst scores. It includes seven 7 questions for each and the scores are calculated by adding up the scores for each item in the section. Sanxiety, like kinetic energy, refers to a palpable reaction or process taking place at a given time and level of intensity. Depression, anxiety and stress scale dass21 for each statement below, please circle the number in the column that best represents how you have been feeling in the last week. The result of the study undertaken for this purpose was published under the title of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of suffering in the setting of medical practice. Scared screen for childhood anxietyrelated disorders. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a bidirectional selfassessment scale used to screen for clinical depression and anxiety in hospital outpatient medical clinics.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has been developed to assist primary care. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads, a fourpoint, 14item questionnaire, was tested as a screening method for adjustment disorders and major depressive disorders in a sample of 210. Scared screen for childhood anxiety related disorders. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. The depression anxiety and stress scale, or dass21, is a 21 question assessment that was developed to measure the degree of depression, anxiety and stress in an individual. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was. The hads is composed of 14 items divided into two subscales with 7 items each, evaluating anxiety hadsa and depression hadsd, respectively. Bifactor analysis and construct validity of the hads. Cultural adaptation into spanish of the generalized. Tanxiety, like potential energy, refers to individual differences in reactions. This spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier spanish versions of the instrument. Psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression. T anxiety, like potential energy, refers to individual differences in reactions.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Hamilton anxiety rating scale hama university of florida. To describe the frequency of anxiety and depression disorders among preconceptional patients in a pregnancy and rheumatic diseases clinic. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Statement did not apply to me at all applied to me to some degree or some of the time applied to me a considerable degree or a good part of the time applied to me very. This study carried out the cultural adaptation into spanish of the 7item selfadministered gad7 scale, which is used to identify probable patients with gad. Hamilton depression rating scale hdrs please complete the scale based on a structured interview instructions. The scale will not detect mothers with anxiety neuroses, phobias or personality disorders. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. A european spanish version of the pss scale is presented in appendix a.
Evaluation of the psychometric characteristics of the spanish version. Psychometric properties of a european spanish version of the. Patient health questionnaire phq9 is the most common screening tool to identify depression. State and trait anxiety are analogous in certain respects to kinetic and potential energy. Most physicians are aware of this aspect of the illness of their patients but many feel incompetent to provide the patient with reliable information. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with adolescents volume 175 issue 5 david white, chris leach, ruth sims, michelle atkinson, david cottrell. The macarthur foundation initiative on depression and primary care has created a depression tool kit is intended to help primary care clinicians recognize and manage depression. Hospital anxiety and depression scale y psicopatologia afectiva. Although it contains 21 areas, calculate the patients score on the first 17 answers.
General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. It is available in spanish, as well as in a modified version for adolescents. Psychometric properties of the hads were assessed in different groups of general medical outpatients attending the hospital clinic in barcelona n 385, and. To conduct a psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and to evaluate associations of 2 measures of psychological distress with the hads anxiety hadsa and hads depression hadsd subscales in acute lung injury ali survivors. Construction of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads the study was conducted in the setting of a general medical hospital outpatient clinic. Participants who were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder on the anxiety disorders interview scheduleiv completed the dass21, the beck depression inventoryii, and the beck anxiety inventory. This article examines whether these problems could be due to the construction of the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine. Review the validity of the hospital anxiety and depression. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. Be sure to record the answers in the appropriate spaces positions 0 through 4.
The adaptation was performed by an expert panel using a conceptual equivalence process, including forward and backward. Many translated example sentences containing hospital anxiety and depression scale spanishenglish dictionary and search engine for spanish translations. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research. The present study aims to validate the spanish version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and to determine the use of this tool for screening mood and anxiety disorders. Background the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in the assessment of anxiety and depression, but there are scarce data about its psychometric properties in caregivers of older relatives.
The reliability of the instrument was assessed by a testretest study. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. The spanish version of the hads has shown adequate psychometric properties in spanish populations e. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is officially distributed by. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Generalized anxiety disorder gad is a prevalent mental health condition which is underestimated worldwide. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is used to evaluate anxiety and depression in patients with chronic diseases2. This is a sample version of the hospital anxiety and. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief and widely used instrument to measure psychological distress in cancer patients and it is available in many languages for example french, german, dutch, italian, spanish, chinese, and arabic. Crosscultural adaptation into punjabi of the english. Hamilton depression rating scale hamd to be administered by a health care professional 11. Hamilton depression r s hamd assessment psychology.
Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. Dahlb, tone tangen haugc, dag neckelmannd adepartment of public health and primary health care, section for preventive medicine, haukeland hospital, armauer hansen building, university of bergen, n5021 bergen, norway. The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale cesd, the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads. The aim of the study was to translate and validate the hospital anxiety and depression scale into punjabi. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is used to evaluate anxiety and depression in patients with chronic diseases 2. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. The englishlanguage version of the depression anxiety stress scale 21 dass21 was professionally translated into spanish and fieldtested among 98 bilingual hispanic adults. Anxiety and depression was assessed by means of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads and fibromyalgia severity with the fibromyalgia impact. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. S anxiety, like kinetic energy, refers to a palpable reaction or process taking place at a given time and level of intensity. Validation of the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in. We wanted to use a punjabi version of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads to enable nonenglish speaking patients to participate in a clinical trial. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. Jan 20, 2010 generalized anxiety disorder gad is a prevalent mental health condition which is underestimated worldwide. Pdf portuguese hospital anxiety and depression scale. Founded in 1979, adaa is an international nonprofit organization dedicated to the prevention, treatment, and cure of anxiety, depression, ocd, ptsd, and cooccurring disorders through education, practice, and research. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of.
Additional references maier w, buller r, philipp m, heuser i. To adapt the scale for chilean cancer patients, we used the spanish version31 of the original scale27. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Each of the three scales contains 14 items, divided into subscales of 25 items with similar content. Hads officially distributed by mapi research trust eprovide. Anxiety somatic gastrointestinal, indigestion cardiovascular, palpitation, headaches respiratory, genitourinary, etc.
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